Arrive by air in Juba, the capital of South Sudan, the youngest country on Earth. Obtaining visa upon arrival at the airport. The guide will meet you at the airport and transfer to the hotel Royal Palace. Arrange travel permits (stamp in passport). The rest of the day is free to relax or explore.
Dinner and overnight in hotel Royal Palace.
Meals: lunch (if needed), dinner

In the morning, after breakfast, transfer to the airport. Domestic flight to Kapoeta (2 hours flight), to the eastern part of the country. Kapoeta is an ideal base to explore Toposa tribal territory.
The Toposa are Turkana-speaking cattle-rearing people that have resisted western influence to this date. Toposa has traditionally lived by herding cattle, sheep, and goats, and in the past were involved in the ivory trade. They have a tradition of constant warfare, usually cattle raids, against their neighbors.
Depending on arrival time, we can visit the first Toposa tribal village.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

Two full days to explore Toposa and Jiye tribal villages.
The Toposa and Jye belong to what has been called the “Karamojong cluster”, which also includes the Karamojong people of Uganda, the Nyangatom people in southwestern Ethiopia, and the Turkana people of Kenya.
The Toposa economy and social life revolve around herding livestock, including cattle, camels, donkeys, goats, and sheep. Boys are first given care of goats and sheep, then graduate to looking after cattle when they come of age. Possession of cattle, along with possession of a loaded gun, are the main measures of status and wealth. Cattle are central to Toposa culture. The Toposa have always competed for water and pasturage with their neighbors, and have always engaged in cattle rustling. The Toposa also pan for gold and other precious minerals in the stream beds.
Both Toposa and Jiye tribes continue to dress in their traditional clothes (leather-beaded skirts) and pierce their lips and scarify their arms, chests, and faces. Each scarification is a work of art.
Visit different communities and enjoy the intense welcome dances.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

After breakfast drive (2 hours) to Boya Hills to meet the Larim (Boya) tribal minority.
Larim speaks Murle and is an excellent architect. They also pierce their nose and lips and scarify their bodies. Larim keeps cattle and grows seasonal crops, such as sorghum, maize, and beans. Widowed women wrap vegetable cords around their legs and head. Larim is considered one of South Sudan’s most traditional groups.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

After breakfast drive (4 hours) to the mountain kingdom of Ilieu ruled by a priest-king. Interesting 14^th Century stone walls. Explore the village and meet the Lotuko people.
Lotuko people are a Nilotic ethnic group that populates the region characterized by ranges and mountain spurs such as the Imotong mountain, the highest mountain in South Sudan.
As agro-pastoralists, they keep large herds of cattle, sheep, and goats, and supplement this with hoe-farming, hunting, and fishing. The land is owned by no single person, but in trust by the community. In the mountains, after finding a site, the group decides the boundaries of each person’s garden, with certain areas being fallow for a number of years.
Lotuko’s religion is based on nature and ancestor worship that is deeply rooted in their ethnic identity.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

Breakfast. After last visits around the village, farewell from the mountain kingdom and drive (2 hours) to the town of Torit. En route, we can see the local life.
Check-in at Torit Hotel. Dinner in Northern Sudanese restaurant on the main colonial street.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

After breakfast long drive (8 hours) to Juba. En-route stops in town, such as Liria. Reach Juba and check in at the hotel.
Dinner in Da Vinci restaurant with nice views over Nile River and old metal bridge (the only place in Juba to take pictures of the Nile).
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

Breakfast and drive-by 4×4 vehicles to the South Sudanese bush. 4 hours drive to Mundari tribal territory. Reaching Terakeka, the regional capital, walk around the market to meet the first Mundari tribal people. After having checked with the local authorities drive to a cattle camp to spend the night.
Full day to see aspects of the Mundari daily lifestyle.
Mundari is a small ethnic group related to the Nilotic peoples. Mundari, together with neighboring Dinka people, are sometimes noted for their height. The Tutsi of Rwanda are believed to be the tallest people in Africa.
The traditional Mundari tribal lands are located roughly 75 kilometers north of Juba, the capital of South Sudan, and are centered on the town of Terekeka in the state of Central Equatoria. The land, like much of South Sudan, is predominantly flat and marked by occasional isolated large hills. The low-lying land contains many rivers and lakes and provides a very fertile basis in support of cattle grazing.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

Two full days we stay with the Mundari tribe. We will set the camp on one side of the White Nile river and by small canoes across the river to the other side and to the islands. We will also follow the nomads with their cattle.
Visit the camp and small Mundari villages where facial and body scarification are still practiced to this day. Mundari villages are also interesting because of vernacular architecture: huts, black and white totems, and granaries beautifully built.
The Mundari, like other Nilotic tribes, are very cattle-oriented: cattle serve as food, a form of currency, and a mark of status. Marriages are arranged by the prospective groom offering cattle to the bride’s family and husbands may take as many wives as they can support. The Mundari engage in perennial cattle raiding wars with the neighboring Dinka during the dry season. In order to secure their cattle, Mundari men at night take their weapons and go to the bush.
Mundari has kept alive animistic religion while the neighboring Dinka have lost most of these traditional ways due to war and conversion to Christianity.

In common with other Nilotic tribes in Sudan, the Mundari practice ritual scarification as a rite of passage into adulthood for young men. The typical Mundari scar pattern consists of two sets of three parallel lines, each on either side of the forehead, extending in a downward slope and unconnected in the middle.
Meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner

Breakfast and farewell from Mundari land. Last pictures of the landscape: forested savannah and the mighty White Nile river. Drive to Terakeka and further to Juba City.
Afternoon to relax at the hotel (Day use hotel). At the arranged time transfer to the airport, trying to be at the airport 3 hours before the scheduled departure time. Flight back home.
Meals: Breakfast, lunch
PLEASE NOTE:
* The order of visits and excursions can be modified according to local conditions (i.e. state of roads, market days, etc.). If some visits and/or tours could not be done due to external conditions, they will be replaced when possible. 

INCLUSIVE IN THIS 12 DAYS 11NIGHTS BEST OF SOUTH SUDAN TOUR TRIP, MUNDARI PEOPLE TOUR, KAPOETA, TOPOSA TOUR, LOTUKO, & DIDINGA – SOUTH SUDAN TRIBAL TOUR

• Photography permit
• Entry Permit
• Domestic flight transfer
• Accommodation both a tent and mattress/sleeping bag with mosquito nets (Camping equipment) and hotels throughout the tour.
• Airport pickup and transfers In 4 by 4 extended land cruiser in very good condition with enough space, throughout the tour.
• experienced English speaking driver-guide
• Meals and bottled water along the entire trip (Full board throughout the route prepared by an experienced chef)
• Introduction Permit/letter
• Tribal visits and executions, all payments to tribes/sites.

EXCLUSION FROM THE 12 DAYS 11NIGHTS BEST OF SOUTH SUDAN TOUR TRIP, MUNDARI PEOPLE TOUR, KAPOETA, TOPOSA TOUR, LOTUKO, & DIDINGA – SOUTH SUDAN TRIBAL TOUR

• Entry visa
• Tips for Driver and Guides
• Souvenirs
• Insurance
• Air Tickets
• Drinks from the Accommodation
• Laundry
• Anything not added to the itinerary